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 REFLEXOLOGY

What is it?
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF REFLEXOLOGY
Reflexology is a complementary bodywork therapy that is generally performed on the feet or hands. It provides a deeply relaxing treatment that is also beneficial to organs and nerves. Reflexologists use hand and finger pressure on client's feet or hands, methodically working on hundreds of specific "reflexes" (standardized points for treatment) as they relate to corresponding organs or areas of the body.  Some forms of reflexology may also be known as “zone therapy.”

What is it used for?
CONDITIONS REFLEXOLOGY MAY BE HELPFUL FOR
Reflexology has been reported to help many ailments and imbalances.  Preliminary scientific study has demonstrated improvement with reflexology in the following conditions:

- Anxiety
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Headaches and migraines
- Comfort and palliation in cancer patients
- Increased fetal activity
- Foot edema during pregnancy
- Multiple sclerosis, specifically the management of some motor or sensory problems
- Cancer pain
- Perception of stress
- Depression
- Systolic blood pressure
- Immune system inefficiency

Reflexology does not purport to cure specific diseases or disorders but to support the body’s innate healing abilities by reducing stress and tension.

Where did it come from?
HISTORY OF REFLEXOLOGY
There is some belief that reflexology has actually been practiced for thousands of years by Asians, Egyptians, Native American cultures, as well as the Mayan and Incan civilizations.

The Zone Theory, the precursor to modern reflexology, began with Dr. William H. Fitzgerald, M.D, an ear, nose and throat specialist from Boston.  He called his work "Zone Analgesia" as he was attempting to find natural pain relief.  Fitzgerald divided the body into ten "zones," running longitudinally from the fingers and toes. Pressure was applied within the same zone that corresponded to the location of the injury to relieve pain.

Fitzgerald helped his patients reduce their experience of physical pain by utilizing additional pressure points in the oral cavity, specifically the tongue and soft palate.  He went on to develop the first chart of the body’s longitudinal zones.

Working closely with Fitzgerald, Dr. Shelby Riley further expanded the zone theory.  Eunice D. Ingham, a nurse and physiotherapist, worked with Dr. Riley, and during the 30s and 40s further developed hand and foot reflexology into "The Ingham Method,"™ the form of reflexology that is commonly taught and practiced today.

Ingham observed over time that the reflexes on the feet identically mirrored the bodily organs.  Encouraged by Dr. Riley, Ingham wrote the book “Stories the Feet Can Tell” which discussed her cases and presented the map of the foot reflexes.  Published in 1938, this book was instrumental in spreading the knowledge of reflexology internationally.

Unfortunately, a foreign publisher of Ingham’s book changed its title to “Zone Therapy”, which caused great confusion between zone therapy and reflexology.  Because of this reflexology is still known as zone therapy in some countries.  However, their differences must be noted:  zone therapy depends on the zones to indicate the area to be treated, whereas reflexology incorporates the anatomical model in making this determination.

The Ingham method is currently taught to practitioners through the International Institute of Reflexology now run by Ingham's nephew, Dwight C. Byers.

What is it based upon?          
THEORY OF REFLEXOLOGY
Reflexology is believed to be effective because it soothes the reflexes that are directly related to other parts of the body.  Through this mechanism is improves physical processes such as circulation and lymph drainage while facilitating nerve communication and relaxing muscles.

Another medical theory proposes that stimulation of the many nerves of the feet and/or hands, results in the release of endorphins, which are used by the body as natural painkillers.  It is also postulated that pressure on the extremity nerves provides stimulation of nerve circuits, promotes the flow of lymphatic fluid, and perhaps even aids in the dissolving of uric acid crystals. 

Reflexology is not a replacement for medical treatment but is best regarded as a complementary therapy.  It is most useful in promoting relaxation, although extensive research shows a substantive effect on overall patient health.  Since almost 80% of all health problems are associated with stress and tension, reflexology may help assess the locations of stress in the body.  By eliminating or lowering this stress reflexology enables the body’s innate healing process.

How is it done?
WHAT A SESSION OF REFLEXOLOGY IS LIKE
During a reflexology session the hands and feet are stretched, manipulated, and pressured in specific points with the intention of affecting corresponding aspects of the body.  Some practitioners also apply the technique to the ears, although this is a much less common form of application.

Generally for a reflexology session, a person remains clothed and is required to remove only shoes and socks. Sessions generally last from thirty to sixty minutes.  Some practitioners use a chair, while others use a massage or other therapy table.  Some use oil or powder, while others do not.  Commonly, the reflex points of the feet are stimulated methodically, covering the entire foot or hand, front, back, top and sides and ankle.

During treatment it is common for clients to experience a feeling of well-being or relaxation.  Some people experience tingling sensations and/or a slightly reduced body temperature.  The practitioner may note location of sensitive areas.

After treatment, it is common to experience a reduction in stress, feelings of deep relaxation, improved circulation, revitalized energy, and body balance.  Side effects of cleansing and detoxification may occur that could may headache, nausea, and sinus congestion.  Practitioners consider this a reaction to clearing of toxins by the body.  It is unlikely to be disabling or last longer than twenty-four hours.  Practitioners view this as a positive experience as it indicates the body is engaging in a cleansing process.

Contraindications to reflexology include recent or healing fractures, unhealed wounds, and active gout.  Anyone with an acute or chronic illness should seek medical advice prior to treatment.

Who does it?
REFLEXOLOGY PRACTITIONER
Widely varied regulations for the practice of reflexology exist among states.  Many states may require a license to touch in order to practice the therapy, such as a massage therapy license. Training among people who practice reflexology can also vary from self-study, apprenticeship, on-line or home courses, classes that range from several hours to several days.  There are also training programs, schools and associations that certify reflexologists.